| B Pharm 8th Semester New Syllabus |
Biostatistics and Research Methodology Syllabus
Theory (PT- 817)
Unit 1
• Introduction: Statistics, Biostatistics, and Frequency Distribution.
• Measures of dispersion: Dispersion measure, Range, Standard deviation, Various pharmaceutical problems.
• Measure of Central Tendency: Pharmaceutical examples, Mean, Median.
• Correlation: Definitions of Correlations, Karl Pearson’s coefficient, Multiple correlations – Pharmaceutical examples.
Unit 2
• Regression: Curve fitting by the method of least squares, Fitting the line of the equation y=a+bx and x=a+by, Multiple regression, Standard regression error – Pharmaceutical examples.
• Probability: Definitions, Normal distribution, Binomial distribution, Poison’s distribution, properties and problems, Sampling, Large sample, Small sample, Population, Null hypothesis, Alternative hypothesis, Essence of sampling, Types of sampling, Standard Error of Mean, Error-I type and Error-II type – Pharmaceutical examples.
• Parametric test: t-test (Sample, Pooled, Paired, and Unpaired), ANOVA, Least significance difference, One way and Two way.
Unit 3
• Non Parametric tests: Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, Friedman test.
• Introduction to the Research: Need for Research, Need for the design of the Experiments, Drug techniques experiments, and Plagiarism.
• Graphs: Histogram, Cubic graph, Pie chart, Response surface plot, and Counter plot graph.
• Designing the methodology: Determination of sample size and power study, Report writing and presentation of the data, Cohort studies, Protocol, Observational studies, Designing clinical trials, Experimental studies, and various phases.
Unit 4
The blocking and confounding systems for two-level factorials.
• Regression modeling: Hypothesis testing in the simple and the multiple regression models.
• Introduction to practical components of Industrial and Clinical trial problems: Statistical analysis using the tool Excel, MINITAB, SPSS, Design of the experiment, R- online Statistical software, and the clinical trial approach.
Unit 5
• Design and Analysis of Experiments: Design and Analysis
• Factorial Design: Definitions of Factorial design, 22, 23 design, Advantages of the factorial design.
• Response Surface Methodology: Central composite design, Optimization techniques, Historical design.
Social and Preventive Pharmacy Syllabus
Theory (PT- 818)
Unit 1
• Concept of health and disease: Definitions and Concepts of public health, Understanding of the concept of prevention and control of disease, Social causes, and Social problems of the sick.
• Social and health education: Food about nutrition and other health, Nutritional deficiency, Vitamin deficiency, Balanced diet, Malnutrition, and its prevention.
• Sociology and health: Sociology cultural factors related to health and disease, Impact of urbanization on health and disease, Health and Poverty.
• Hygiene and health: Personal hygiene, Health care, and Avoidable habits.
Unit 2
• Preventive Medicines: General principles of the prevention and control of diseases like Cholera, SARS, Influenza, Ebola virus, Acute respiratory Infections, Malaria, Dengue, Chicken guinea, Lymphatic filariasis, pneumonia, Diabetes mellitus, Cancer, Hypertension, Drug Addiction, and Drug Substance abuse.
Unit 3
• National health programs, their objectives, functioning, and outcome of the following: HIV and AIDS disease control program, Integrated disease surveillance program (IDSP), TB, National leprosy control program, National health program, Universal immunization program, National program for the prevention and control of the deafness, National program for the control of the blindness, Pulse polio program.
Unit 4
National health intervention program for mother and child, National tobacco control program, National Malarial prevention program, National family welfare program, National program for elderly health care, Social health care program, and Role of World Health Organization (WHO) in Indian National program.
Unit 5
Community services in rural and urban school health, Function of the PHC, Improvement in rural sanitation, Improvement in rural sanitation, National urban health mission, Health Promotion, and Education in school.
Pharma Marketing Management Syllabus
Theory (PT- 810A)
Unit 1
• Marketing: Definitions of Marketing, Concepts, and Scope of Marketing, Difference Between Marketing and Selling, Industry and competitive analysis, Analysis of consumer buying behavior, and Industrial buying behavior.
• Pharmaceutical Market: Quantitative and qualitative aspects, Composition and size of the market, Demographic design and socio-psychological characteristics of the consumer, Targetting and Marketing segmentation, Consumer profile, Motivational and prescribing habits of the physician, patient’s choice of physician, Retail Pharmacists, Analysis the market, Role of the market research.
Unit 2
• Product Decision
Classification of Product decisions, product line, and product mix decisions, Product portfolio analysis, Product life cycle, Product positioning, New product decisions, Product branding, Packaging, and labeling decisions, and Product Management in the Pharmaceutical industry.
Unit 3
• Promotion:
Methods of promotion, Determinants of the promotional mix, Promotional budget, An overview of personal selling, Advertising, Journals, Direct mail, Sampling, Retailing, Public relations, Medical exhibition, and Online promotional techniques for the OTC products.
Unit 4
• Pharmaceutical Marketing Channels:
Designing of the channel, Channel members, Select the proper channel, Confliction in channels, physical distribution management, Strategic importance, Tasks in the physical distribution management.
• Professional Sales Representative (PSR)
Duties of the PSR, Purpose of the detailing, Training, and Selection, Supervising, Norms for the customer calls, Evaluating, Motivating, Compensation, and Future Prospects of the PSR.
Unit 5
• Pricing:
Objectives, Meaning and Importance, Determinants of the price, Pricing methods and strategies, Issues in price management in the pharma industry, An overview of Drug Price Control Order (DPCO), and National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA).
• Emerging Concepts in Marketing
Horizontal and Vertical Marketing, Rural Marketing, Industrial Marketing, Consumerism, Global Marketing.
Practical (PT- 900A)
Computer-Aided Drug Design Syllabus
Theory (PT- 810B)
Unit 1
• Introducing Drug Discovery and Development: Stages of drug discovery and development.
• Lead Discovery and Analog Based Drug Design: Rational approaches to lead discovery based on traditional medicine, Random Non-ransom screening, Serendipitous drug discovery, Lead discovery based on drug metabolism, and drug discovery based on clinical observations.
• Analog Based on the Drug Design: Bioisosterism, Bioisosteric replacement, Classification, and Any three case studies.
Unit 2
• Quantitative SAR (Structure Activity Relationship)
SAR versus QSAR, History, and Development of the QSAR, Types of the physicochemical parameters, Theoretical and experimental approaches for the determination of the physicochemical parameters like Partition Coefficient, Hammet’s substituents constant, Taft’s steric constant, Free Wilson analysis, Hansch analysis, 3D-QSAR approaches like COMPTIA and COMFA.
Unit 3
• Molecular Modeling and Virtual Screening Techniques
• Virtual Screening techniques: Drug likeness screening, Pharmacophore concepts mapping, and Pharmacophore-based screening.
• Molecular Docking: Rigid docking, Manual docking, Flexible docking, Docking based screening, and De novo drug design.
Unit 4
• Informatics and Methods in Drug Design
Introduction to the Bioinformatics, ADME database, Chemoinformatics, Biochemical, and Pharmaceutical databases.
Unit 5
• Molecular Modeling
Introduction to the Molecular Mechanisms, and Quantum Mechanics, Methods of Energy Minimization and Conformational Analysis, and Global Conformational of minima determination.
Practical (PT- 900B)
Advanced Instrumentation Techniques Syllabus
Theory (PT- 810C)
Unit 1
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Principles of the H-NMR and C-NMR, Chemical shift, Factors affecting chemical shifts, Spin spin coupling, Coupling constant, Relaxation, and Advanced Instrumentation Applications.
• Mass Spectroscopy
Principles of Mass spectrometry, Fragmentation, Ionisation techniques such as Electron impact, Chemical Ionisation, FAB, MALDI, Analyzers- Time of flight and Quadrupole, and instrumentation techniques applications.
Unit 2
• Thermal Methods of Analysis
Principles of the thermal methods of Analysis, Instrumentation, and application of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential thermal analysis (DTA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).
• X-ray Diffraction Methods
Origin of the X-rays, Basic aspects of the crystals, X-ray crystallography, Single-crystal diffraction, Rotating crystal techniques, Powder diffraction, Structural elucidation, and Applications.
Unit 3
• Calibration and Validation
Calibration of the following Instruments: UV-Visible spectrophotometer, Electronic balance, IR spectrophotometer, Flame photometer, Fluorimeter, HPLC, and LC.
Unit 4
• Radio Immune Assay
Principles, Importance, Various Components, Different Methods, Radioimmunoassay Limitations, and Applications.
• Extraction Techniques
Principles and procedures involved in the solid-phase extraction and liquid extraction techniques.
Unit 5
• Hyphenated Techniques
LC-MS/MS, HPTLC-MS, GC-MS/MS.