| 3rd Semester B Pharmacy Latest Syllabus Pdf |
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry-II Syllabus
Theory (PT- 314)
Unit 1
• Benzene and its derivatives
I. Synthetic, Analytical, and other proof in the derivation of the benzene structure, resonance in benzene, orbital picture, aromatic characters, and Huckel’s rule.
II. Reactions of Benzene – Halogenation, Nitration, Sulphonation – Reactivity, Friedel crafts Alkylation, Friedel crafts Acylation – Reactivity and limitations.
III. Substituents, Effect of the substituents on reactivity and orientation of mono-substituted benzene derivatives compounds towards electrophilic substitution reaction.
IV. Structure and Uses of Saccharin, BHC, DDT, and Chloramine T.
Unit 2
• Phenols
Phenols Acidity, the effect of substituents on the acidity of phenols, Phenols qualitative test, Structure, and Uses of the Phenols, Naphthols, Resorcinol, and Cresols.
• Aromatic Amines
Aromatic Amines Basicity, the effect of substituents on the basicity of amines, and among the Aromatic Amines synthetic uses of the aryl diazonium salts.
• Aromatic Acis
Aromatic Acid acidity, the effect of substituents on the acidity of aromatic acids, and reactions of benzoic acid.
Unit 3
• Fats and Oils
Fatty acids reactions, Hydrolysis, Saponification, Hydrogenation, Drying Oils, and Rancidity of Oils; Analytical Constants – Saponification Value, Acid Value, Ester Value, Iodine Value, Reichert Meissel (RM) Value, Acetyl Value – Significance and Principles involved in their determination.
Unit 4
• Polynuclear Hydrocarbons
Polynuclear Hydrocarbons Synthetic Process and Reactions, Structure and the Medicinal Uses of the Naphthalene, Anthracene, Phenanthrene, Diphenyl Methane, Triphenyl Methane, and their hydrocarbons derivatives.
Unit 5
• Cyclo Alkanes
Stabilities of Cycloalkanes, Baeyer’s Strain Theory, limitations of Baeyer’s theory, Coulson Moffitt’s Modification Reactions, Sachse Mohr’s Theory (Theory of Strainless Rings), Reactions of Cyclopropane and Cyclobutane.
Practical (PT- 394)
A. Examination involving laboratory techniques – Recrystallization, Steam Distillation.
B. Determination of the following oil values (with Standardization of reagents) – Acid Value, Saponification Value, and Iodine Value.
C. Preparation of the Compounds
- Benzanilide/ Phenyl Benzoate/ Acetanilide from Aniline/ Aniline by Acylation Reactions/ Phenols.
- 2,4,6-Tribromo aniline/ Para Bromo Acetanilide from Aniline.
- Acetanilide by Halogenation (Bromination) Reactions.
- 5-Nitro salicylic acid/ Meta dinitrobenzene from Salicylic Acid/ Nitrobenzene by nitration reactions.
- Benzoic Acid from Benzyl Chloride by Oxidation Reactions.
- Benzoic Acid/ Salicylic Acid from alkyl Benzoate/ alkyl salicylate by hydrolysis reactions.
- 1-Phenyl azo-2-naphthol from Aniline by diazotization and coupling reactions.
- Benzil from Benzoin by Oxidation Reactions.
- Dibenzyl acetone from Benzaldehyde by Claisen Schmidt Reactions.
- Cinnamic acid from Benzaldehyde by Perkin Reactions.
- P-Iodo Benzoic Acid from P-amino Benzoic Acid.
Physical Pharmaceutics-I Syllabus
Theory (PT- 316)
Unit 1
• Solubility of Drugs
Solubility of drug expressions, mechanism of solute-solvent interactions, ideal solubility parameters, Association and solvation, quantitative approach to the factors influencing solubility of drugs, diffusion principles in biological systems.
Solubility of gas in liquids, liquids, and liquids, Ideal Solutions, Binary Solutions, Raoult’s law, real solutions, partially miscible liquids, Critical Solutions temperature and applications, Distribution Law, distribution law limitations and applications.
Unit 2
• States of Matter and Properties of Matter
States of matter and properties of matter, change in the states of matter, latent heat, vapor pressure, eutectic mixtures, and sublimation critical points, gases, aerosols and inhalers, relative humidity, liquid crystal and complexes, Glassy states, solid crystalline, amorphous, and Polymorphism.
• Physicochemical Properties of drugs Molecules
Physiochemical properties of drugs like other factors Refractive index, optical rotation, dissociation constants, dielectric constant, dipole moments, determination, and applications.
Unit 3
• Surface and Interfacial Phenomenon
The interface of Liquid, surface, and Interfacial tensions, surface free energy, Measurements of the surface and Interfacial tensions, coefficient of spreading, adsorption at liquid interfaces, surface-active agents, HLB scale, solubilization, adsorption at solid interface.
Unit 4
• Complexion and protein binding
Introduction to complexation and protein binding, classification and applications of complexion, methods of analysis, protein binding, complexation, drug action, crystalline structures of complexes, and thermodynamic treatment of stability constants.
Unit 5
• PH, Buffers, and Isotonic Solutions
Sorensen’s pH Scale, pH determination both Electrometric and Calorimetric, Applications of buffers, buffer capacity, buffer equations, buffers in pharmaceutical and biological systems, and buffered isotonic solutions.
Practical (PT- 396)
I. Determination of the solubility of the drug at room temperature (25°C).
II. Determination of pKa value by Half Neutralization or Henderson Hasselbalch equation.
III. Determination of the partition coefficient of benzoic acid in benzene and water.
IV. Determination of partition coefficient of Iodine in CCl4 and water.
V. Determination of percentage composition of NaCl in a solution using the phenol-water system by CST method.
VI. Determination of the surface tension (ST) of the given liquids by drop count, and drop weight method.
VII. Determination of the HLB number of a surfactant by saponification method.
VIII. Determination of the Freundlich and Langmuir constants using activated charcoal.
IX. Determination of the critical micellar concentration of surfactants.
X. Determination of stability constant & donor-acceptor ratio of PABA caffeine complex by solubility methods.
XI. Determination of stability constants and the donor-acceptor ratio of Cupric-Glycine complex by pH titration methods.
Pharmaceutical Microbiology Syllabus
Theory (PT- 319)
Unit 1
Definitions, Introduction, and History of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, its branches, scope, and its importance, Introduction to the Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes organisms.
Study of bacteria ultrastructure and morphological classification, nutritional requirements, raw materials used for culture media and physical parameters for growth and growth curve, Pure culture isolation and preservation methods, cultivation of anaerobes, quantitative measurements of bacterial growth both total and viable count.
Details study of different types of phase contrast microscopy, darkfield microscopy, and electron microscopy.
Unit 2
Identification of the bacteria using staining techniques (Simple, Gram’s, and Acid-fast staining) & biochemical tests (IMViC).
Study of principle, procedure, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of physical, chemical, gaseous, radiation & mechanical methods of sterilization, Evaluation of the efficiency of sterilization methods, Equipment employed in large-scale sterilization, sterilization indicators.
Unit 3
Study of classification, morphology, reproduction or replication and cultivation of Fungi & Viruses, Classification & mode of action of disinfectants.
Factors influencing antiseptics, disinfections and their evaluation for bacteriostatic & bactericidal actions, Evaluation of bacteriostatic and bactericidal.
Sterility testing of products (Solids, liquids, ophthalmic, and other sterile products) according to BP, IP, and USP.
Unit 4
Designing of the aseptic area, laminar flow, Different sources of contamination in the aseptic area & its methods of prevention, and clean area classification.
Different microbiological assay principles and methods, Different methods of standardization of antibiotics, vitamins, and amino acids, and assessment of the new antibiotics.
Unit 5
Types of spoilage, factors affecting microbial spoilage, Sources & types of microbial contaminants, assessment of microbial contamination and spoilage.
Using antimicrobial agents preservation of pharmaceutical products, and evaluation of microbial stability of the formulation.
Growth of animal cells in culture media, the general procedure for cell culture, primary, established, and transformed cell cultures, and Application of cell culture in the pharmaceutical industry.
Practical (PT- 399)
a) Introduction & study of the different types of equipment and processing that is BOD Incubator, Aseptic hood, Laminar Flow, Autoclave, Hot air sterilizer, Deep freezer, Refrigerator, and Microscopes.
b) Sterilization of glassware, preparation & sterilization of media used in the laboratory.
c) Subculturing of bacteria and fungus, nutrient stabs, and slant preparations.
d) Different staining methods – Simple staining, Grams staining, and Acid-fast staining.
e) Isolation of Pure culture of microorganisms by multiple streak plate technique & other techniques.
f) Microbiological assay of the antibiotics by cup plate methods.
g) Motility determination by Hanging drop methods.
h) Pharmaceutical sterility testing.
I) Bacteriological analysis of the water.
j) Different biochemical tests.
Pharmaceutical Engineering Syllabus
Theory (PT- 317)
Unit 1
• Flow of Fluids
Different types of manometers, Reynolds number, and its significance, Bernoulli’s Theorem and applications, Energy loss, Orifice Meter, Venturi Meter, Pitot Tube, and Rotameter.
• Size Reduction
Objectives of size reduction, mechanism and laws governing size reduction, factors affecting size reduction, Principles, Construction, Working, Uses, Merits & Demerits of Hammer Mill, Ball Mill, Fluid Energy Mill, Edge Runner Mill, and End Runner Mill.
• Size Separation
Objectives of Size separation, Applications, and Mechanism of size separation, Official Standards of Powders, Sieves, Principles, Construction, Working, Uses, Merits and demerits of Sieve shaker, Cyclone separator, Air separator, Bag filter, and elutriation tank.
Unit 2
• Heat Transfer
Objectives of Heat Transfer, Applications and Heat Transfer Mechanisms, Fourier’s Law, Heat transferred by Conduction, Convection and Radiation, Heat interchangers, and Heat exchangers.
• Evaporation
Objectives of Evaporation, Application, and factors influencing Evaporation, Difference between Evaporation & another heat process, Principles, Construction, Working, Uses, Merits and demerits of Steam Jacketed Kettle, Horizontal Tube Evaporators, Climbing Film Evaporators, Forced Circulation Evaporators, Multiple Effect Evaporators and Economy of Multiple Effect Evaporator.
• Distillation
General Principles and Methodology of Simple Distillation, Flash Distillation, Fractional Distillation, Distillation under reduced pressure, and Molecular Distillation.
Unit 3
• Drying
Objectives of Drying, Applications, and Mechanism of the drying process, Measurements and Applications of equilibrium moisture content, Rate of Drying Curve, Principles, Construction, Working, Uses, Merits and Demerits of Tray dryer, Dum dryer, Spray dryer, Fluidized bed dryer, Vacuum Dryer, Freeze dryer.
• Mixing
Objectives of Mixing, Application, and Factors affecting mixing, Mechanism of solid mixing, Liquid mixing & semisolid mixing, Principles, Construction, Working, Uses, Merits and Demerits of Double cone blender, Twin shell blender, Ribbon blender, Sigma blade mixer, Planetary mixers, Propellers, Turbines, Paddles, and Silverson Emulsifiers.
Unit 4
• Filtration
Objectives and Applications of Filtration, Theories and Factors influencing filtration, Filter aids, Filter media, Principles, Construction, Working, Uses, Merits and Demerits of Plate and Frame Filter, Filter leaf, Rotary Drum Filter, Meta Filter, and Cartridge Filter, Membranes Filters & Seidtz Filter.
• Centrifugation
Objectives, Principles, and Application of Centrifugation, Principles, Construction, Working, Uses, Merits, and Demerits of Perforated Basket Centrifuge, Non-perforated basket centrifuge, Semicontinuous centrifuge, and super centrifuge.
Unit 5
• Materials for Pharmaceutical Plants Construction, Corrosion, and Prevention
Factors affecting materials selected for pharmaceutical plant construction, Corrosion theory, types of corrosion and their prevention, Ferrous and Non-Ferrous metals, Inorganic and organic nonmetals, and Basics of the material handling system.
Practical (PT- 397)
- Determination of radiation constant of brass, iron, unpainted, and painted glass.
- To calculate the efficiency of steam distillation.
- To determine the overall heat transfer coefficient by the heat exchanger.
- Construction of drying curves for calcium carbonate and starch.
- To Determination of moisture content and loss of drying.
- Determination of humidity of the air – (a) From wet and dry bulb temperatures use of dew point method.
- Description of construction work and applications of Pharmaceuticals.