Ross and Willson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness
| Author’s Name | Anne Waugh and Allison Grant |
| Editions | 11th edition, 2010 |
| Publishers | ELSEVIER |
| No. Of Pages | 1313 |
| Pdf Size | 24.10 MB |
Tortora’s Principles of Anatomy & Physiology
| Author’s Name | GERARD J. TORTORA, BRYAN DERRICKSON |
| Editions | Global Editions, Fifteenth |
| Publishers | Wiley Publishers |
| No. Of Pages | 1235 |
| Pdf Size | 62.20 MB |
Human Anatomy and Physiology by VN Raje
| Author’s Name | V.N. Raje |
| Book Editions | Third Edition |
| Publishers | CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt Ltd |
| Price | Rs. 285 |
Nirali Publication Human Anatomy and Physiology Book
| Author’s Name | K. Ingawale and K. Mandlik |
| Book Editions | Latest Edition |
| Publishers | Nirali Prakashan |
| Price | Rs. 227 |
D Pharm Human Anatomy and Physiology Books Summary
✓ Introduction and scope of Anatomy and Physiology
• Two branches of science anatomy and physiology provide the base for understanding the body’s parts and functions. Anatomy is the science of body structures and the relationships among them.
• It was first studied by dissection the careful cutting apart of body structures to study their relationships. Whereas anatomy focuses on the structures of the body, physiology is the science of body functions and how the body parts work.
✓ Structure of Cell
• All cells arise from the existing cells in which one cell divides into two similar cells. Different types of cells fulfill unique roles that support homeostasis and provide the many functional capabilities of the human organism.
• Cells carry out a dazzling array of chemical reactions to create and maintain life processes in part, by isolating specific types of chemical reactions within specialized cellular structures.
• The chemical reactions are coordinated to maintain life in a cell, tissue, organ, system, and organism of a body.
✓ Tissues of the human body
• Instead, cells usually work together in groups called tissues. The structure and properties of a specific tissue are influenced by factors such as the nature of the extracellular material which surrounds the tissue cells and the connections between the cells that compose the tissue.
• Tissues may be hard, semisolid, or even liquid in their consistency, a range exemplified by bone, fat, and blood. Tissues vary in such a manner concerning the kinds of cells present, how the cells are arranged, and the type of extracellular materials.
✓ Osseous system
• Bone tissue is a complex structure and dynamic living tissue. It continuously engages in a process called bone remodeling the building of new bone tissue and breaking down of old bone tissue.
• Structure and functions of bones tissues of axial and appendicular skeleton classification, types and movements of joints, and disorders of joints are available in the book.
✓ Haemopoietic system
• Hematopoiesis is the formation of blood cellular components during embryonic development and throughout life to produce and replenish the blood system. Hematopoiesis can help scientists to understand better the processes behind blood disorders and cancers etc.
• Composition and functions of blood, Process of Hemopoiesis, Characteristics, and functions of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets, Mechanism of Blood Clotting, and Importance of Blood groups.
✓ Lymphatic system
• The environment in which we live is filled with microbes that can cause disease if given the proper ambiance. If we didn’t resist these microbes, we would be ill or even die.
• We have several defense mechanisms that keep microbes from either entering our bodies or combat them if they do gain entrance. This lymphatic system is one of the principal body systems that helps to defend us against disease-producing microbes.
• Lymph and lymphatic system, composition, function and its formation, Structure, and functions of spleen and lymph node.
✓ Cardiovascular system
• Blood circulation transports various substances, helps regulate several life processes, and affords protection against disease. For all of its similarities in origin, composition, and functions, blood is as unique from one person to another as skin, bone, and hair.
• Healthcare professionals periodically examine and analyze its differences through various blood tests when trying to determine the cause of different diseases.
• Anatomy and Physiology of heart, Blood vessels and circulation (Pulmonary, coronary, and systemic circulation), Cardiac cycle and Heart sounds, Basics of ECG, Blood pressure and its regulation.
✓ Respiratory system
• Your body’s cells continuously consume oxygen (O2) for the metabolic processes that generate ATP from the breakdown of nutrient molecules. At the same time, these reactions release carbon dioxide (CO2) as waste material.
• The respiratory system gives for gas exchange intake of O2 and elimination of CO2 and the cardiovascular system transports blood containing the gases between the lungs and body cells. Failure of either system disrupts homeostasis by causing rapid death of cells from oxygen starvation and the buildup of waste products.
• Anatomy of respiratory organs and their functions, Regulation, and Mechanism of respiration, Respiratory volumes, and capacities definitions.
✓ Digestive system
• The food we intake contains a variety of nutrients, which are used for building new body tissues and repairing damaged tissues. Food is essential to life because it is our only source of chemical energy.
• Most of the food we eat consists of molecules that are too large to be used by body cells. That is why, foods must be broken down into molecules that are small enough to enter body cells for their use.
• Anatomy and Physiology of the GIT, Anatomy, and functions of accessory glands, Physiology of digestion and absorption.
✓ Skeletal muscles
• Bone tissue is a complex and dynamic living tissue. It continually engages in a process called bone remodeling the building of new bone tissue and breaking down of old bone tissue.
• Physical examinations of the astronauts revealed that they had lost up to 20% of their total bone density during their extended stay in space. The 0 gravity environment of space, coupled with the fact that the astronauts traveled in small capsules that greatly limited their movement for extended periods, placed minimal strain on their bones.
• Histology, Physiology of muscle contraction, Disorder of skeletal muscles.
✓ Nervous system
• The nervous system is responsible for our perceptions, behaviors, and memories, and it initiates all voluntary movements. Because this system is very complex.
• Classification of nervous system, Anatomy, and physiology of cerebrum, cerebellum, midbrain, Function of the hypothalamus, medulla oblongata and basal ganglia, Spinal cord structure and reflexes, Names and functions of cranial nerves.
✓ Sense organs – Anatomy and physiology
• Receptors for the general senses are scattered throughout the body and are relatively simple in structure. They range from modified dendrites of sensory neurons to specialized structures associated with the ends of dendrites.
• Receptors for the special senses smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium are anatomically distinct from one another and are concentrated in specific locations in the head.
• They are usually embedded in the epithelial tissue within complex sensory organs such as the eyes and ears. Neural pathways for the special senses are also more complex than those for the general senses.
• Eye, Ear, Skin, Tongue, Nose
✓ Urinary system
• The urinary system includes of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra. The kidneys filter the blood of wastes and excrete them into a fluid called urine. Once formed, urine passes through the ureters and is stored in the urinary bladder until it is excreted from the body through the urethra.
• Nephrology is the scientific study of the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the kidneys. The branch of medicine that deals with the male and female urinary systems and the male reproductive system is called urology.
• Anatomy and physiology of the urinary system, Physiology of urine formation, Renin-angiotensin system, Clearance tests, and micturition.
✓ Endocrine system (Hormones and their functions)
• As girls and boys enter puberty, they start to develop striking differences in physical appearance and behavior. Perhaps no other period in life so dramatically shows the impact of the endocrine system in directing development and regulating body functions.
• In girls, estrogens promote the accumulation of adipose tissue in the breasts and hips, sculpting a feminine shape. At the same time or a little later, increasing levels of testosterone in boys begin to help build muscle mass and enlarge the vocal cords, producing a lower-pitched voice.
• In this system includes glands are the Pituitary gland, Adrenal gland, Thyroid and parathyroid gland, Pancreas, and gonads.
✓ Reproductive system
• Human beings produce offspring by a process called sexual reproduction in which haploid sperm cells are produced by the testes of males which fertilize the haploid secondary oocytes produced by the ovaries of females.
• Due to fertilization, the resulting diploid cell is called a zygote and contains one set of chromosomes from each parent. Males and females have anatomically distinct reproductive organs that are designed to produce, nourish, and transport the haploid cells, facilitate fertilization, and, in females, sustain the growth of the embryo and fetus.
• Anatomy of the male and female reproductive system, Physiology of menstruation, Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis, Pregnancy, and parturition.
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