GPAT Syllabus 2024: Download NTA GPAT Syllabus Pdf

GPAT Syllabus Pdf

Physical Chemistry GPAT Syllabus

1. Composition and Physical States of Matter

• Intermolecular Forces
• Various Physical Properties of Matter
• Dipole Moment
• Dielectric Constant
• Van Der Walls Equations
• Liquefaction of Gases
• Aerosols

2. Colligative Properties

• Liquid State
• Vapor Pressure
• Real and Ideal Solutions
• Raoult’s Law
• Elevation of Boiling Point
• Depression if Freezing Point
• Osmotic Pressure
• Determination of the Molecular Weight depends on Colligative Properties

3. Thermodynamics

• First, Second, and Third Laws of Thermodynamics
• Thermochemical laws
• Isothermic and Adiabatic Processes
• Reversible Process
• Work of Expansion
• Heat Content
• Enthalpy
• Heat Capacity
• Gibb’s and Helmholtz Equation
• Chemical Potential

4. Refractive Index

• Refractive Index
• Specific Refractivity
• Molar Refractivity
• Refractometers

5. Solutions

• Solubility
• Factors Effect on Solubility
• Solubility Curve
• Types of Solutions
• Effect of Co Solvency
• PH and Other Factors on Solubility
• Solubility of Gases and Liquids, Liquids in Liquids, and Solids in Liquids
• Critical Solution Temperature
• Law of Partitioning and its Applications
• Solute-Solvent Interactions
• Expression of the Concentration of Pharmaceutical Solutions and Calculation
• Molarity, Molality, Mole fraction, and Percentage expressions

6. Electrochemistry

• Properties of Electrolyte Solutions
• Electrolysis
• Faraday’s law of Electrolysis
• Electron Transport
• Electrical Cell
• Single electrode Potential
• Concentration Cells
• Half-cells and Half-cell Potential
• Types of Half cells,
• Sign Convention
• Nernst Equation
• Salt Bridge
• Electromotive Series
• Standard Potential, SHE
• Measuring the relative voltage of half cells
• Calculation of Standard Potential
• Reference and Indicator electrodes
• Standard oxidation-reduction Potential

7. Ionic Equilibrium

• Theory of conductivity
• Equivalent conductance
• Mobility of ions
• Specific conductance

8. Kinetics

• Order of reactions
• Derivation & internal form of rate laws
• Molarities of reaction
• Derivation of rate constants

Physical Pharmacy GPAT Syllabus

1. Matter and Properties of Matter

• States of Matter
• Change in the state of matter
• Latent heat and vapor pressure
• Sublimation- the critical point
• Eutectic mixtures
• Gases
• Aerosols- inhalers
• Relative humidity
• Liquid complexes
• Liquid crystals
• Glasses state
• Solid crystalline and amorphous polymorphism

2. Micromeritics and powder rheology

• Particle size and distribution
• The average particle size number and weight distribution
• Particle number
• Methods of determining particle size and volume
• Optical microscopy
• Sieving
• Sedimentation
• Determining surface areas
• Permeability
• Adsorption
• Derived properties of powders
• Porosity
• Packing arrangement densities
• Bulkiness and flow properties

3. Surface and interfacial phenomenon

• Liquid interface
• Surface and interfacial tensions
• Surface free energy
• Measurement of surface and interfacial tension
• Spreading coefficient
• Adsorption and liquid interfaces
• Surface active agents
• HLB classification
• Solubilization
• Detergency
• Absorption at solid interfaces
• Solid gas and solid-liquid interfaces
• Complex films
• Electrical properties of interfaces

4. Viscosity and rheology

• Newtonian systems
• Law of flow
• Kinematic viscosity
• Effect of temperature
• Non- Newtonian systems
• Pseudoplastics, plastic, dilatant, thixotropy in formulations
• Determination of viscosity and thixotropy by falling ball, capillary, and rotational viscometer
• Application of Theology in Pharmacy

5. Dispersion systems

• Colloidal dispersions
• Properties of colloids
• Protective colloids
• Application of colloids in pharmacy
• Suspensions and emulsions
• Interfacial properties of suspended particles
• Theory of sedimentation
• Effect of Brownian movement
• Sedimentation of flocculated particles
• Sedimentation parameters
• Wetting of particles
• Significance of electrical properties in dispersions
• Controlled flocculation
• Flocculation in structured vehicles
• Rheological considerations
• Emulsions
• Physical stability

6. Complexation

• Classification of complexes
• Methods of Preparations, analysis, and Applications of Complex

7. Buffer

• Buffer equations
• Buffer capacity
• Buffers in pharmaceutical systems
• Preparations and stability
• Buffered isotonic solutions
• Measurements of tonicity calculations
• Methods of adjusting isotonicity

8. Solubility

• Miscibility-influence of foreign substances
• Dielectric constant and solubility
• Solubility of solids in liquids
• Ideal and non-ideal solutions
• Solvation and association in solutions
• Solubility of salts in water
• Solubility of slightly soluble and weakly soluble electrolyte
• Calculating solubility of weak electrolytes
• Influences of solvents on the solubility of the drugs
• The combined effect of pH and solvents
• Distribution of solutes between immiscible solvents
• Effect of ionic dissociation
• Molecular association on partition
• Extraction
• Preservatives action of weak acids in emulsions
• Drug Action and distribution coefficient
• Concepts of dissolution and diffusion

Organic Chemistry GPAT Syllabus

1. General Principles

• Sp3, Sp2, Sp hybridization
• Classification and Sources of Organic Compounds
• Sigma & pi- bonds
• Bond lengths
• Bond angles & bond energies
• Bond polarization
• Hydrogen bonds
• Inductive effects
• Resonance
• Hyperconjugation
• Homolytic & heterolytic bond
• Fission
• Acidity & basicity
• Order of stabilities of electron-deficient
• Electron rich species
• Relationships between the energy content
• Stability, reactivity and Their importance
• Calculations for determining empirical and molecular formula

2. Different Classes of compounds

• IUPAC nomenclature
• Industrial and laboratory methods of preparations
• Physical properties, Chemical reactions with the mechanism of reaction and stereochemistry (Alkane, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aliphatic compounds, Alkyl halides, Aldehydes and Ketones, Carboxylic acids, Derivatives of carboxylic acids)

3. Protection and Depreciation of groups

• Protection and Deprotection of functional groups
• Two examples each for amino, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups
• Significance of these in syntheses

4. Aromaticity and Chemistry of aromatic compounds

• Concept of aromaticity
• Huckel’s rule
• Structure of benzene
• Electrophilic & nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction
• Benzyne mechanism

5. Different aromatic classes of compounds

• IUPAC or systematic nomenclature
• Physical properties, Chemical reactions with the mechanism of reactions, and stereochemistry (Aromatic hydrocarbons, Phenolic compounds, Aromatic & aliphatic amines, Diazonium salts, Aromatic nitro- compounds, aryl halides, and others)

6. Polycyclic classes of hydrocarbon

• Bi & tricyclic fused carbocyclic rings like Naphthalene, Anthracene, & Phenanthrene

7. Carbonyl Chemistry

• Wolf-Kishner reduction & Huang-Minlong modification
• Reduction of aryl sulfonyl hydrazine to alkanes
• Bamford Steven reaction
• DCC Oxidation of alcohol
• Michael addition
• Mannich condensation reaction
• Robinson annulation
• Stobbe condensation
• Darzen’s glycidic ester synthesis
• Beckmann rearrangement
• Baeyer Villiger rearrangement
• Curtius, Wolff, and Lossen rearrangements
• Willgerodt rearrangement
• Pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement
• Methylene transfer reactions
• Mono and dealkylation in 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
• Formation & use of enol ethers, enol acetates & enamines

8. Heterocyclic Chemistry

• IUPAC Nomenclature of the heterocyclic rings containing O, N, & S atoms
• Nomenclature of rings containing mono-, di-, and multiple heteroatoms
• Nomenclature of 2 & 3 fused rings containing mono-, di-, & multiple heteroatoms
• Syntheses & reactions of three to six-membered rings
• Syntheses of five & six-membered rings containing mono- or any di- heteroatoms [O, S, & N]
• Syntheses of quinoline, benzoxazole, isoquinoline, benzothiazole, and benzotriazole

9. Bridged Rings

• Bridged ring systems & their nomenclature
• C8, C9, C11 bridged bicyclic alkanes
• Chemistry of hexamine, biperiden, amantadine

10. Kinetics and Thermodynamics Controls

• Kinetic and thermodynamic control of
• Sulfonation
• Enolate anion formation
• Alkylation of enamine reactions

11. Stereochemistry

• Chirality & asymmetry
• Different types of isomerisms
• Enantiomers, diastereomers
• Enantiomerism & diastereomeric
• Meso compounds & their optical activity
• Stereochemistry in acyclic compounds
• Newman projection formulae
• Conformational analysis of n-butane
• Absolute & relative configuration
• Assigning R & S configuration based on Cahn Ingold & Prelog system
• Racemic mixture
• Definitions of terms Stereoselective, stereospecific, Enantiomeric excess & diastereomeric excess
• Stereochemistry in cyclic systems
• Conformations of cyclohexane
• Cis-trans relationship in cyclohexane
• Prediction of stability of different conformations of 1, 2- 1,3- & 1,4 disubstituted cyclohexanes
• Chair conformations of cis-, & trans-decalins, perhydrophenanthrenes, & a tetracyclic steroidal nucleus
• An introduction to atropisomerism

12. Carbohydrates

• Definition & classification
• D & L nomenclature in sugars
• Anomers & epimers
• Mutarotation
• Reactions of glucose
• Chain extension & chain reduction of a sugar

13. Amino Acids and Proteins

• Definition & classification
• D & L Amino acids
• Natural, essential, & non-essential amino acids
• Denaturation and Strecker
• Peptide bonds & their0 formation
• Sequencing of a protein by chemical & enzymatic methods

14. Pericyclic Reactions

• Concept of HOMO & LUMO
• Drawing of HOMO & LUMO of 1, 3-butadiene
• Allylic cation, radical & anion, and 1, 3, 5-hexatriene
• Diel’s Alder reaction

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Syllabus

1. Pharmaceutical Impurities

• Sources and Types of Impurities
• Limit Tests of Iron, Lead, Arsenic, Mercury, Chloride, and Sulphate

2. Monographs

• Monograph and its Importance
• Methods of Preparation, Assay, Uses of Calcium carbonate, Sodium citrate, Copper sulfate, Heavy & light kaolin, Ammonium chloride, and Ferrous gluconate

3. Isotopes

• Radioactivity
• Radiopharmaceutical and their therapeutic, diagnostic applications of I¹²⁵, P³², Cr⁵¹, Co⁶⁰, Fe⁵⁹.
• Radiocontrast Media

4. Dentrifices, Desensitizing agents, and Anticaries agents

5. Therapeutic classes of drugs

• General Anaesthetic
• Local Anaesthetic
• Diagnostic Agents
• Coagulants, Anticoagulants, Plasma Expanders
• Antiseptics, Astringent, and Disinfectant
• Purgatives, Laxatives, and Antidiarrhoeal agents

6. Various classes of therapeutic agents

• Antimalarials
• Antiamoebic agents
• Anthelmintic agents
• Antibacterial sulpha drugs
• Quinolone antibacterials
• Antimycobacterial drugs
• Antifungal agents
• Antiviral agents including HIV & anti-HIV drugs
• Thyroid & antithyroid drugs
• Antiallergic agents
• Antiulcer agents & Proton Pump Inhibitors
• Hypoglycemic agents

7. Different classes of therapeutic drugs

• Sedative-hypnotics
• Antiepileptic agents
• Neuroleptics
• Anti-anxiety drugs
• Antibiotics
• Steroids

Pharmaceutics Syllabus

1. Pharmacy professional and Introduction to Pharmaceutical

• Pharmacy as a Career
• Evaluation of Pharmacy
• History and Development of Pharmacy Profession
• Industry in Global Perspectives

2. Introduction to dosage forms

• Definitions of Drugs
• New Dosage Forms

3. Sources of drugs information

• Introduction to Pharmacopoeia of IP, BP, USP
• Sources of drug information like textbooks, the internet, journals, online databases, etc.

4. Allopathic dosage forms

• Merits, Demerits, Importance, and Development
• Different solid dosage forms, liquid dosage forms, and semi-solid dosage forms

5. Crude Extracts

• Infusion, Decoction, percolation, maceration, tincture, and extract
• Methods of Preparation of Soft, dry, and liquid extract

6. Allergic Extracts

• Allergens
• Preparation of extracts

7. Biological Products

• Absorbable and non-absorbable materials
• Sutures and ligatures
• QC test of materials

8. Pharmaceutical Plant, Location, Layout

• Plant Location and Layout of Industry
• Differences between scientific and technical process
• Product and Process layout

9. Dosage Forms Necessities & Additives

• Antioxidants, Colouring Agents, Preservatives, Flavouring agents, Emulsifying agents, suspending agents, and Solvents

10. Powders

• Advantages and limitations
• Manufacturing procedure
• Powders of IP
• Effervescent granules and Salts

11. Capsules

• Hard and Soft Gelatin capsules
• Methods of Formulation, Classification, Evaluation, Problems, etc.

12. Tablets

• Classification, Methods of Formulations
• Different types of coating
• Microencapsulation

13. Parenteral Products Requiring Sterile Packaging

• Advantages, Limitations, Formulations
• Sterile Products

14. Suspensions

• Flocculated and Deflocculated suspension
• Manufacturing and Evaluation procedure

15. Emulsions

• Emulsifying agents
• Manufacturing and Evaluation methods

16. Suppositories

• Ideal Requirements
• Manufacturing Procedure and Evaluation Methods

17. Semisolids

• Definitions and Bases
• Manufacturing and Evaluation

18. Liquid Orals

• Definitions, Types, and Formulations
• Manufacturing and Evaluation Methods

19. Pharmaceutical Aerosols

• Definition and Propellants
• Formulations and Manufacturing

20. Preformulations

• Consideration of Importance
• Various factors

21. Ophthalmic Preparation

• Requirements and Formulations
• Containers, Evaluation, and IP Products

22. Stability of Formulated Products

• Drug regulatory aspects
• Pharmaceutical products stability
• Reaction rate and order
• Accelerated Stability testing

23. Prolonged Action Pharmaceuticals

• Benefits and Limitations
• Types and Construction of Implants
• Various products

24. Novel Drug Delivery Systems

• Critical fluids technology
• Novel Drug Delivery Systems
• Nanoparticles

25. GMP and Validation

• Introduction to GMP, QA, and QC
• Regulation related to GMP
• Validation process

26. Packaging and Materials

• Role and features of Packing materials
• General quality control

27. Cosmetics

• Formulations and preparation
• Various cosmetics products

28. Pilot Plant Scale-up Techniques

• Scale-up techniques
• Organization and layout of the pilot plant
• Technology Transfer

Pharmacology GPAT Syllabus

1. General Pharmacology

• Routes of drug administration
• Pharmacodynamics
• Receptors
• Pharmacokinetics
• Adverse drug reactions

2. Neurohormonal Transmission in CNS

• Pharmacology of various neurotransmitters
• Therapeutic Use and Clinical Conditions
• Peptides and proteins mediators

3. Pharmacology of Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

• Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics
• Sympathomimetics, Sympatholytics
• Ganglionic stimulants and blocker
• Neuromuscular blocking agents

4. Pharmacology of the Central Nervous System (CNS)

• General Anaesthetics
• Alcohols and Disulfiram
• Psychopharmacological agents
• Anti-epileptics drugs
• Narcotic analgesics

5. Pharmacology of Cardiovascular System

• Introduction to Hemodynamics
• Electrophysiology of Heart
• Anti-Hypertensive Drugs
• Anti-arrhythmic Drugs
• Anti-hyperlipidemic Drugs
• Blood and Plasma Volume Expanders

6. Drugs Acting on Urinary System

• Diuretics
• Anti-diuretics

7. Drugs Acting on Respiratory System

• Anti-asthmatic drugs
• Mucolytics and nasal decongestants
• Anti-tussive and Expectorants

8. Pharmacology of Endocrine System

• Hypothalamic and Pituitary hormones
• Thyroid Hormone
• Various endocrine hormones

9. Chemotherapy

• Sulphonamides and co-trimoxazole
• Antibiotics
• Various infection diseases

10. Autocoids and their Antagonist

• Histamine and 5-HT are their agonist and antagonists
• Prostaglandin, Bradykinin

11. Drugs Acting on Gastro-intestinal Tract

• Antacid and Anti-ulcer Drugs
• Laxatives and Antidiarrhoeal drugs
• Emetics and Anti-emetics

12. Chronopharmacology

• Definitions of rhythm and Cycles
• Biological clock and their significance

13. Immunopharmacology

• Immunostimulants
• Immunosuppressants

14. Vitamins and Minerals

• Vitamin deficiency disease
• Role of minerals

15. Principles of Toxicology

• Definitions of Poison
• Heavy metals poisoning
• Acute and Chronic toxicity
• OECD guidelines

Pharmacognosy GPAT Syllabus

• Introduction to Pharmacognosy
• Classification of the Crude Drugs
• Factors Affecting Crude Drugs
• Techniques in Microscopy
• Introduction to Phytoconstituents
• Plant Classification
• Pharmaceuticals Aids
• Animal Products
• Plant Products
• Toxic Drugs
• Enzymes
• Natural Pesticides and Insecticides
• Adulteration and Evaluation of Drugs
• Quantitative Microscopy
• Biogenetic Pathways
• Carbohydrates and Lipids
• Tannins
• Volatile Oils
• Resinous Drugs
• Glycosides
• Alkaloids
• Extraction and Isolation Techniques
• Phytopharmaceuticals
• Quality Control and Standardization of Drugs
• Herbal Formulations
• Worldwide Trade of Crude Drugs
• Herbal Cosmetics
• Traditional Herbal Drugs
• Plant-Based Industries and Research
• Patents
• Ayurvedic System of Medicines
• Homeopathic System of Medicines

Pharmaceutical Analysis Syllabus

• Importance of quality control in pharmacy
• Acid-base titrations
• Non-aqueous titrations
• Oxidation-reduction titrations
• Precipitation titrations
• Complexometric titrations
• Gravimetry
• Extraction techniques
• Potentiometry
• Miscellaneous methods of analysis
• Calibration
• General Principles of Spectroscopy
• Ultraviolet-visible Spectrometry
• Spectrofluorimetry
• Flame photometry & atomic absorption spectrometry
• Infrared spectrometry
• Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry
• Mass spectrometry
• Polarography
• Nephelometry & Turbidimetry
• Chromatography
• Miscellaneous

Biochemistry GPAT Syllabus

• Cell
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Vitamins
• Biological oxidations & reductions
• Enzymes
• Nucleic acids
• Hereditary diseases

Biotechnology GPAT Syllabus

• Plant Cell and Tissue Culture
• Animal Cell Culture
• Fermentation Technology and Industrial Microbiology
• Recombinant DNA Technology
• Process and Applications
• Biotechnology-Derived Products

Microbiology GPAT Syllabus

• Introduction to Microbiology
• Microscopy and staining technique
• Biology of Microorganisms
• Fungi and Viruses
• Aseptic Technique
• Sterilization & Disinfection
• Microbial spoilage
• Vaccines & Sera
• Microbial Assay

Pathophysiology GPAT Syllabus

• Basic Principles of cell injury and Adaptation
• Basic mechanisms of inflammation and repair
• Disorders of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
• Disorders of homeostasis
• Immunopathology including amyloidosis
• Infectious diseases
• Neoplastic diseases
• Pathophysiology of common diseases
• Liver function tests
• Kidney function tests

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Syllabus

1. Bio-pharmaceutics

• The fate of drug after absorption
• Drug Absorption- biological and physiological consideration
• Pharmacokinetics

2. Bio-availability & Bio-equivalence

• Quality parameters of dosage forms
• Significance of bio-equivalence studies
• Scale-up & post-approval changes (SUPAC)
• Multi-stage of Bioequivalence
• studies

3. Biopharmaceutical statistics

• Post Marketing Surveillance
• Process Validation

Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic Syllabus

• General Principles, preparations, maintenance, and analysis
• Clinical trials
• Therapeutic drug monitoring
• Adverse drug reaction (ADR)
• Drug information services
• Drug interaction
• Lactation and menstruation
• Pharmacovigilance
• Drug therapy

Human Anatomy and Physiology Syllabus

• Cell physiology
• The Blood
• Gastrointestinal tract
• Respiratory System
• Autonomic nervous system
• Sense organs
• Skeletal System
• Central Nervous system
• Urinary System
• Endocrine Glands
• Reproductive System
• Cardiovascular system
• Lymphatic System

Pharmaceutical Engineering GPAT Syllabus

1. Fluid flow

• Type of flow
• Reynold’s number, and viscosity
• The concept of the boundary layer
• The basic equation of fluid flow
• Study of valves, and flow meters
• Manometers and measurement of flow

2. Heat transfer

• Source of heat
• Mechanism of heat transfer
• The laws of heat transfer
• Mathematical problems on heat transfer

3. Evaporation

• The basic concept of phase equilibrium
• Factors affecting evaporation
• Evaporators- film evaporators, single effect, and multiple effect evaluation operators

4. Drying

• Moisture content
• Mechanism of drying
• Rate of drying calculations
• Time of drying calculations
• Classifications and types of dryers
• Dryers used in pharmaceutical industries

5. Distillation

• Raoult’s law, phase diagram
• Simple steam and flash distillation
• Principles of rectification
• Mc-Cabe Thiele’s method for calculations
• Azeotropic and extractive distillation

6. Size reduction and size separation

• Objectives for size reduction
• Factors affecting size-reduction
• Laws governing energy and power
• Types of mills- ball mill, hammer mill, fluid energy mill
• Micronizer, Quadro co-mil, multi mill

7. Mixing

• Theory of mixing
• Solid-solid, solid-liquid, and liquid-liquid mixing

8. Extraction

• Theory of extraction
• Extraction methods
• Equipment for various types of the extraction process

9. Crystallization

• Characteristics of the crystals
• Solubility curves and calculation curves
• Swanson’s Walker crystalized
• Nucleation mechanism
• Various types of crystallizers, tanks, and agitated batch
• Swanson’s Walker
• Cracking of crystals and its prevention

10. Filtration and Centrifugation

• Theory of filtrations
• Filter aids and filter media
• Rotary filter
• Edge filters
• Filter leaf
• Laboratory filtration
• Factors affecting filtration
• Principles of centrifugation

11. De-humidification and humidity control

• Basic concept and definition
• Application of humidity measurement in pharmacy
• Equipment for humidification and dehumidification process

12. Refrigeration and air conditioning

• Principles, applications of refrigeration and air conditioning

13. Material of construction

• General study of composition, corrosion, and resistance
• The materials of construction
• Corrosion and its Prevention

14. Automated process control systems

• A process variable
• Introduction to automatic process control
• Elements of computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM)

15. Industrial hazards & safety precautions

• Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical, Fire, dust, noise hazards, records, safety requirements

Pharmaceutical Management Syllabus

• IntroductioIntroduction to management
• Planning and Forecasting
• Organization
• Research Management
• Inventory Management
• Communication
• Marketing Research
• Leadership and motivation
• Human resource and development (HRD)
• GATT
• World trade organization
• Trade-related intellectual property rights
• Standard institutions and regulatory authorities
  • Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
  • United States of Food and Drug Administration (USFDA)
  • Central Drug Standard Control Organization (CDSCO)
  • International Conference on Harmonization (ICH)
  • World Health Organization (WHO)

Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence Syllabus

• Historical background of Drug legislation in India
• Code of Ethics for Pharmacists
• The Pharmacy Act of 1948
• Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940
• Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act
• Drugs and Magic Remedies Act 1954
• Medicinal and Toilet Preparations Act 1955
• Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act 1970
• Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960
• Drug (Price Control) Order
• Shops and Establishment Act
• Factory Act
• Consumer Protection Act
• Indian Pharmaceutical Industry
• Industrial Development and Regulation Act 1951
• Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights
• Indian Patent Act 1970
• An Introduction to Standard Institutions and Regulatory Authorities (SIRA) such as BIS, ISO, USFDA, MHRA, ICH, WHO
• Minimum Wages Act 1948
• Prevention of Food Adulteration Act 1954

Dispensing and Hospital Pharmacy Syllabus

• Introduction to laboratory equipment
• Handling of prescriptions
• Labeling instructions for dispensed products
• Posological calculations
• Study of current patent and proprietary products
• Generic products and selected brand products
• Reading and counseling of the prescriptions from clinics
• Enlarging and reducing the formula
• Displacement value
• Preparations of the various formulations involving allegation, alcohol dilution, and isotonic solution

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