Pharm D 3rd Year Syllabus Pdf Download

Pharm D 3rd Year Syllabus Pdf

Pharm D 3rd Year Syllabus Exam Pattern

Sr No	Name of Subjects	I<–	Maximum Marks for Theory	–>I	I<–	Maximum Marks for Practicals	–>I
–	–	Examination	Sessional	Total	Examination	Sessional	Total
1.1	Pharmacology – II	70	30	100	70	30	100
1.2	Pharmaceutical Analysis	70	30	100	70	30	100
1.3	Pharmacotherapeutics – II	70	30	100	70	30	100
1.4	Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence	70	30	100	–	–	–
1.5	Medicinal Chemistry	70	30	100	70	30	100
1.6	Pharmaceutical Formulations	70	30	100	70	30*	100
–	–	–	–	600	–	–	500=1100

Pharmacology – II

Theory (Topic-wise Lecture)

I. Pharmacology of Drugs acting on Blood and blood forming agents
a) Anticoagulants
b) Thrombolytics and antiplatelet agents
c) Haemopoietics and plasma expanders
II. Pharmacology of drugs acting on the Renal System
a) Diuretics
b) Antidiuretics

III. Chemotherapy
a) Introduction
b) Sulfonamides and co-trimoxazole
c) Penicillins and Cephalosporins
d) Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol
e) Macrolides, Aminoglycosides, Polyene & Polypeptide antibiotics
f) Quinolines and Fluroquinolines
g) Antifungal antibiotics
h) Antiviral agents
i) Chemotherapy of tuberculosis and leprosy
j) Chemotherapy of Malaria
k) Chemotherapy of protozoal infections (amoebiasis, Giardiasis)
l) Pharmacology of Anthelmintic drugs
m) Chemotherapy of cancer (Neoplasms)

IV. Immunopharmacology
Pharmacology of immunosuppressants and stimulants
V. Principles of Animal Toxicology
Acute, sub-acute and chronic toxicity
VI. The dynamic cell: The structures and functions of the components of the cell
a) Cell and macromolecules: Cellular classification, subcellular organelles, macromolecules, large macromolecular assemblies
b) Chromosome structure: Pro and eukaryotic chromosome structures, chromatin structure, genome complexity, and the flow of genetic information.
c) DNA replication: General, bacterial, and eukaryotic DNA replication.
d) The cell cycle: Restriction point, cell cycle regulators, and modifiers.
e) Cell signaling: Communication between cells and their environment, ion channels, signal transduction pathways (MAP kinase, P38 kinase, JNK, Ras and PI3-kinase pathways, biosensors.

VII. The Gene: Genome structure and function:
a) Gene structure: Organization and elucidation of genetic code.
b) Gene expression: Expression systems (pro and eukaryotic), genetic elements that control gene expression (nucleosomes, histones, acetylation, HDACS, DNA binding protein families.
c) Transcription and Transcription factors: Basic principles of transcription in pro and eukaryotes. Transcription factors that regulate transcription in pro and eukaryotes.
d) RNA processing: rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA processing.
e) Protein synthesis: Mechanisms of protein synthesis, initiation in eukaryotes, translation control and post-translation events.

f) Altered gene functions: Mutations, deletions, amplifications, LOH, translocations, trinucleotide repeats, and other genetic abnormalities.
g) Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
h) The gene sequencing, mapping, and cloning of human disease genes.
i) Introduction to gene therapy and targeting.
j) Recombinant DNA technology: principles. Processes (gene transfer technology) and applications.

Practicals (Experiments List)

I. Study of laboratory animals and their handling
a) Frogs
b) Mice
c) Rats
d) Guinea pigs
e) Rabbits
II. Study of physiological salt solutions used in experimental pharmacology.
III. Study of laboratory appliances used in experimental pharmacology.
IV. Study of the use of anesthetics in laboratory animals.
V. To record the dose-response curve of Ach using isolated ileum/rectus abdominis muscle preparation.

VI. To carry out a bioassay of Ach using isolated ileum/rectus abdominis muscle preparation by interpolation method.
VII. To carry out bioassay of Ach using isolated ileum/rectus abdominis muscle preparation by three-point method.
VIII. To record the dose-response curve of Histamine using isolated guinea pig ileum preparation.
IX. Study of agonistic and antagonistic effects of drugs using isolated guinea pig ileum preparation.
X. To carry out a bioassay of Histamine using isolated guinea pig ileum preparation by interpolation method.

XI. To carry out a bioassay of Histamine using guinea pig ileum preparation by the three-point method.
XII. To study the routes of administration of drugs in animals (Rats, Mice, Rabbits).
XIII. Study of theory, principle, procedure involved, and interpretation of given results for the following experiments:
a) Analgesic property of drug using analgesiometer.
b) Antiinflammatory effect of drugs using rat-paw edema method.
c) Anticonvulsant activity of drugs using maximal electroshock and pentylene tetrazole methods.
d) Antidepressant activity of drugs using pole climbing apparatus and pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time methods.
e) Locomotor activity evaluation of drugs using an actophotometer and rotorod.
f) Cardiotonic activity of drugs using isolated frog heart and mammalian heart preparations.

Practical Examination Scheme

Topic	Sessionals	Annual
Identification	02	10
Synopsis	04	10
Major Experiment (Bioassay)	08	30
Minor Experiment (Interpretation of given Graph or simulated experiment)	04	10
Viva-voce	02	10
Maximum Marks	20	70
Duration	03hrs	04hrs

Reference Text Books

1. Tripathi, K. D. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. 4th edition, 1999. Publisher: Jaypee, Delhi.
2. Satoskar, R.S. and Bhadarkar, S.D. Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics. 16th edition (single volume), 1999. Publisher: Popular, Dubai.
3. Rang, H.P. and Dale, M.M. Pharmacology. 4th edition, 1999. Publisher: Churchill Livingstone.
4. Goodman Gilman, A., Rall, T.W., Nies, A.I.S. and Taylor, P. Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th edition, 1996. Publisher: McGraw Hill, Pergamon Press.
5. Craig, C.R. and Stitzel, R.E. Modern Pharmacology. Latest edition. Publisher: Little.
6. Kulkarni, S. K. and Dandia, P. C. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Latest edition, Publisher: Vallab, Delhi.
7. Macleod, L.J. Pharmacological Experiments on Intact Preparations. The latest edition, Publisher: Churchill Livingstone.
8. Macleod, L.J. Pharmacological Experiments on Isolated Preparations. Latest edition, Publisher: Churchill Livingstone.

Pharmaceutical Analysis

Theory (Topic-wise Lecture)

I. Quality Assurance:
a. Introduction, sources of quality variation, control of quality variation.
b. Concept of statistical quality control.
c. Validation methods – quality of equipment, validation of equipment, and validation of analytical instruments and calibration.
d. GLP, ISO 9000.
e. Total quality management, quality review, and documentation.
f. ICH – international conference for harmonization guidelines.
g. Regulatory control.

II. Chromatography:
Introduction, history, classification, separation techniques, choice of methods. The following techniques will be discussed with relevant examples of pharmaceutical products involving principles and techniques of separation of drugs from excipients.
a. Column Chromatography: Adsorption column chromatography, Operational technique, frontal analysis, and elution analysis. Factors affecting column efficiency, applications, and partition chromatography.
b. TLC: Introduction, principle, techniques, Rf value, and applications.
c. PC: Introduction, principle, types of paper chromatography, preparation techniques, development techniques, applications.
d. Ion-exchange chromatography: Introduction, principles, types of ion exchange synthetic resins, physical properties, factors affecting ion exchange, methodology, and applications.
e. HPLC: Introduction, theory, instrumentation, and applications.

f. HPTLC: Introduction, theory, instrumentation, and applications.
g. Gas Chromatography: Introduction, theory, instrumentation-carrier gases, types of columns, stationary phases in GLC & GSC. Detectors – Flame ionization detectors, electron capture detectors, thermal conductivity detectors. Typical gas chromatogram, derivatization techniques, programmed temperature gas chromatography, applications.
h. Electrophoresis: Principles of separation, equipment for paper and gel electrophoresis, and application.
i. Gel filtration and affinity chromatography: Introduction, technique, applications.

III. Electrometric Methods:
Theoretical aspects, instrumentation, interpretation of data/spectra, and analytical applications be discussed on the following topics.
a. Potentiometry: Electrical potential, electrochemical cell, reference electrodes, indicator electrodes, measurement of potential and pH, construction and working of electrodes, Potentiometric titrations, methods of detecting endpoint, Karl Fischer titration.
b. Conductometry: Introduction, conductivity cell, conductometric titrations, and applications.
c. Polarography: Instrumentation, DME, residual current, diffusion current, and limiting current, polarographic wave, Ilkovic’s equation, Effect of oxygen on the polarographic wave, Polarographic maxima, and suppressors and applications.
d. Amperometric Titrations: Introduction, types of electrodes used, reference and indicator electrode, instrumentation, titration procedure, advantages and disadvantages of Amperometry over potentiometry. Pharma applications.

IV. Spectroscopy:
Theoretical aspects, instrumentation, elements of interpretation of data/spectra, and application of analytical techniques be discussed on:

a. Absorption Spectroscopy:
– Theory of electronic, atomic, and molecular spectra. Fundamental laws of photometry, Beer-Lambert’s Law, application and its deviation, limitation of Beer law, application of the law to single and multiple component analysis, measurement of equilibrium constant and rate constant by spectroscopy. Spectra of isolated chromophores, auxochromes, bathochromic shift, hypsochromic shift, hyperchromic and hypochromic effect, the effect of solvent on absorption spectra, molecular structure, and infrared spectra. Instrumentation – Photometer, U.V.-Visible spectrophotometer – sources of U.V.-Visible radiations, collimating systems, monochromators, samples cells and following detectors – Photocell, Barrier layer cell, Phototube, Diode array, applications of U.V.-Visible spectroscopy in pharmacy and spectrophotometric titrations.

– Infrared Spectroscopy: Vibrational transitions, frequency – structure correlations, Infrared absorption bands, Instrumentation – IR spectrometer – sources of IR, Collimating systems, monochromators, sample cells, sample handling in IR spectroscopy, and detectors – Thermocouple, Golay Cells, Thermistor, Bolometer, Pyroelectric detector, Applications of IR in pharmacy.
– Fluorimetric Analysis: Theory, luminescence, factors affecting fluorescence, quenching. Instrumentation, Applications, fluorescent indicators, the study of pharmaceutically important compounds estimated by fluorimetry.

b. Flame Photometry: Theory, nebulization, flame and flame temperature, interferences, flame spectrometric techniques and instrumentation, and pharmaceutical applications.
c. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry: Introduction, Theory, types of electrodes, instrumentation, and applications.
d. Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Spectroscopic sources, atomic emission spectrometers, photographic and photoelectric detection.
e. NMR & ESR (introduction only): Introduction, theoretical aspects, and applications.
f. Mass Spectroscopy: (Introduction only) – Fragmentation, types of ions produced mass spectrum and applications.
g. Polarimetry: (Introduction only) – Introduction to optical rotatory dispersion, circular dichroism, polarimeter.
h. X-RAY Diffraction: (Introduction only) – Theory, reciprocal lattice concept, diffraction patterns, and applications.
i. Thermal Analysis: Introduction, instrumentation, applications, and DSC and DTA.

Practicals (Experiments List)

I. Separation and identification of Amino Acids by Paper Chromatography.
II. Separation and identification of Sulpha drugs by TLC technique.
III. Effect of pH and solvent on the UV spectrum of a given compound.
IV. Comparison of the UV spectrum of a compound with that of its derivatives.
V. Determination of dissociation constant of indicators using UV-visible spectroscopy.
VI. Conductometric titration of a mixture of acids with a strong base.
VII. Potentiometric titration of an acid with a strong base.
VIII. Estimation of drugs by Fluorimetric technique.
IX. Study of quenching effect in fluorimetry.
X. Colourimetric estimation of Sulpha drugs using BMR reagent.

XI. Simultaneous estimation of two drugs present in a given formulation.
XII. Assay of Salicylic Acid by colorimetry.
XIII. Determination of Chlorides and Sulphates in Calcium gluconate by Nepheloturbidimetric Method.
XIV. Determination of Na/K by Flame Photometry.
XV. Determination of pKa using pH meter.
XVI. Determination of specific rotation.
XVII. Comparison of the IR spectrum of a compound with that of its derivatives.
XVIII. Demonstration of HPLC.
XIX. Demonstration of HPTLC.
XX. Demonstration of GC-MS.
XXI. Demonstration of DSC.
XXII. Interpretation of NMR spectra of any one compound.

Practical Examination Scheme

Topic	Sessionals	Annual
Synopsis	05	15
Major Experiments	10	25
Minor Experiments	03	15
Viva-voce	02	15
Maximum Marks	20	70
Duration	03hrs	04hrs

Reference Text Books

1. Textbook of Pharmaceutical Analysis by Higuchi, T. and Hasen, E. B., New York Inter Science Publishers.
2. Quantitative Pharmaceutical Analysis by Jenkins, The Blakiston division, New York.
3. Quantitative Drug Analysis by Garrot, D., Chapman & Hall Ltd., London.
4. Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis by James, E., CBS Publishers.
5. Instrumental Analysis by Willard and Merritt, EWP, East West Press Ltd., Delhi/Madras.
6. Pharmaceutical Analysis by Skoog and West, Sounders Manipal College Publishing.

Pharmacotherapeutics – II

Theory (Topic-wise Lecture)

I. Infectious disease: Guidelines for the rational use of antibiotics and surgical Prophylaxis, Tuberculosis, Meningitis, Respiratory tract infections, Gastroenteritis, Endocarditis, Septicemia, Urinary tract infections, Protozoal infection- Malaria, HIV & Opportunistic infections, Fungal infections, Viral infections, Gonorrhea and Syphilis
II. Musculoskeletal disorders Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Gout, Spondylitis, Systemic lupus erythematosus.
III. Renal system Acute Renal Failure, Chronic Renal Failure, Renal Dialysis, Drug-induced renal disorders
IV. Oncology: Basic principles of Cancer Therapy, General introduction to cancer chemotherapeutic agents, Chemotherapy of breast cancer, leukemia. Management of chemotherapy nausea and emesis
V. Dermatology: Psoriasis, Scabies, Eczema, Impetigo

Practicals (Experiments List)

Hospital postings in various departments are designed to complement the lectures by
providing practical clinical discussion; attending ward rounds; following up on the progress and
changes made in drug therapy in allotted patients; case presentation upon discharge.
Students are required to maintain a record of cases presented and the same should be
submitted at the end of the course for evaluation.
The student shall be trained to understand the principles and practices involved in the selection
of drug therapy including clinical discussion.
A minimum of 20 cases should be presented and recorded covering the most common
diseases.

Practical Examination Scheme

Topic	Sessionals	Annual
Synopsis	05	15
Major Experiments	10	25
Minor Experiments	03	15
Viva-voce	02	15
Maximum Marks	20	70
Duration	03hrs	04hrs

Reference Text Books

1. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics – Roger and Walker, Churchill Livingstone publication
2. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach – Joseph T. Dipiro et al., Appleton & Lange
3. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics – Eric T. Herfindal, Williams and Wilkins Publication
4. Applied Therapeutics: The Clinical Use of Drugs – Lloyd Young and Koda-Kimble MA

Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence

Theory (Topic-wise Lecture)

I. Pharmaceutical Legislations – A brief review.
II. Principle and Significance of professional ethics. Critical study of the code of pharmaceutical ethics drafted by PCI.
III. Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, and its rules 1945. Objectives, Legal definition, Study of Schedules with reference to Schedule B, C&C1, D, E1, F&F1, F2, F3, FF, G, H, J, K, M, N, P, R, V, W, X, Y. Sales, Import, labeling and packaging of Drugs And Cosmetics Provisions Relating to Indigenous Systems. Constitution and Functions of DTAB, DCC, CDL. Qualification and duties –Govt. analyst and Drugs Inspector.

IV. Pharmacy Act –1948. Objectives Legal Definitions, General Study, Constitution and Functions of State & Central Council, Registration & Procedure, ER.
V. Medicinal and Toilet Preparation Act –1955. Objectives, Legal Definitions, Licensing, Bonded and Non-Bonded Laboratory, Warehousing, Manufacture of Ayurvedic, Homeopathic, Patent & Proprietary Preparations.

VI. Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act-1985 and Rules. Objectives, Legal Definitions, General Study, Constitution and Functions of narcotic & Psychotropic Consultative Committee, National Fund for Controlling the Drug Abuse, Prohibition, Control and regulations, Schedules to the Act.
VII. Study of Salient Features of Drugs and Magic Remedy Acts and its rules.
VIII. Study of essential Commodities Act Relevant to drugs price control Order.
IX. Drug Price Control Order & National Drug Policy (Current).
X. Prevention Of Cruelty to Animals Act-1960.
XI. Patents & design Act-1970.
XII. Brief study of prescription and Non-prescription Products.

Reference Text Books

1. Mithal, B M. Textbook of Forensic Pharmacy. Calcutta: National; 1988.
2. Singh, KK (editor). Beotra’s The Laws of Drugs, Medicines & Cosmetics. Allahabad: Law Book House; 1984.
3. Jain, NK. A Textbook of Forensic Pharmacy. Delhi: Vallabh Prakashan; 1995.
4. Reports of the Pharmaceutical Enquiry Committee, I.D.M.A., Mumbai.
5. DPCO 1995, Various reports of Amendments.
6. Deshpande, S.W. The Drugs and Magic Remedies Act 1954 and Rules 1955. Mumbai: Susmit Publications; 1998.
7. Eastern Book Company. The Narcotic and Psychotropic Substances Act 1985. Lucknow: Eastern; 1987.

Medicinal Chemistry

Theory (Topic-wise Lecture)

I. Modern concept of rational drug design: A brief introduction to Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR), prodrug, combinatorial chemistry, and computer-aided drug design (CADD), and the concept of antisense molecules. A study of the development of the following classes of drugs including SAR, mechanism of action, synthesis of important compounds, chemical nomenclature, brand names of important marketed products, and their side effects.
II. Anti-infective agents
a) Local anti-infective agents
b) Preservatives
c) Antifungal agents
d) Urinary tract anti-infectives
e) Antitubercular agents

f) Antiviral agents and Anti-AIDS agents
g) Antiprotozoal agents
h) Anthelmintics
i) Antiscabies and Antipedicular agents
III. Sulphonamides and sulphones
IV. Antimalarials
V. Antibiotics
VI. Antineoplastic agents
VII. Cardiovascular agents
a) Antihypertensive agents
b) Antianginal agents and vasodilators
c) Antiarrhythmic agents
d) Antihyperlipidemic agents
e) Coagulants and Anticoagulants
f) Endocrine
VIII. Hypoglycemic agents
IX. Thyroid and Antithyroid agents
X. Diuretics
XI. Diagnostic agents
XII. Steroidal Hormones and Adrenocorticoids

Practicals (Experiments List)

I. Assays of important drugs from the course content.
II. Preparation of medicinally important compounds or intermediates required for synthesis of drugs.
III. Monograph analysis of important drugs.
IV. Determination of partition coefficients, dissociation constants, and molar refractivity of compounds for QSAR analysis.

Practical Examination Scheme

Topic	Sessionals	Annual
Identification	04	10
Synopsis	04	10
Major Experiments	07	20
Minor Experiments	03	15
Viva-voce	02	15
Maximum Marks	20	70
Duration	03hrs	04hrs

Reference Text Books

1. Wilson and Gisvold’s Textbook of Organic, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, New York, Philadelphia.
2. William O. Foye, Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, B.I. Waverly Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Burgers, Medicinal Chemistry, M.E., Welly Med. Chemistry M.E. Walffed, John Willey and Sons, Wiley-Interscience Publication, New York, Toronto.
4. A Textbook of Medicinal Chemistry Vol. I and II by Surendra N. Pandeya, S.G. Publisher, 6, Dildayal Nagar, Varanasi -10.
5. Indian Pharmacopoeia 1985 and 1996. The Controller of Publications, Civil Lines, Delhi – 54.

Pharmaceutical Formulations

Theory (Topic-wise Lecture)

I. Pharmaceutical dosage form – concept and classification
II. Tablets: Formulation of different types of tablets, tablet excipients, granulation techniques, quality control, and evaluation of tablets. Tablet coating, Type of coating, quality control tests for coated tablet.
III. Capsules: Production and filling of hard gelatin capsules, Raw material for shell, finishing, and quality control tests for capsules. Production and filling of soft gelatin capsules, quality control tests for soft gelatin capsules.
IV. Liquid orals: Formulation and evaluation of suspensions, emulsions, and solutions. Stability of these preparations.
V. Parenterals: Introduction Containers used for Parenterals (including official tests) Formulation of large and small volume Parenterals Sterilization.

VI. Ophthalmic preparations (Semi-Solids): Introduction and classification Factors affecting absorption and anatomy of skin Packaging storage and labeling, Ointments Types of Ointment Base Preparation of ointment, Jellies Types of jellies Formulation of jellies Suppositories, Method of preparation, Types Packaging.
VII. Definition and concept of Controlled and novel Drug delivery systems with available examples, viz. parental, transdermal, buccal, rectal, nasal, implants, and ocular.

Practicals (Experiments List)

I. Manufacture of Tablets
a. Ordinary compressed tablet – wet granulation
b. Tablets prepared by direct compression
c. Soluble tablet
d. Chewable tablet
II. Formulation and filling of hard gelatin capsules
III. Manufacture of parenteral
a. Ascorbic acid injection
b. Calcium gluconate injection
c. Sodium chloride infusion
d. Dextrose and Sodium chloride injection/infusion
IV. Evaluation of Pharmaceutical formulations (QC tests)
a. Tablets
b. Capsules
c. Injections
V. Formulation of two liquid oral preparations and evaluation by assay
a. Solution: Paracetamol Syrup
b. Antacid suspensions – Aluminum hydroxide gel

VI. Formulation of semisolids and evaluation by assay
a. Salicylic acid and benzoic acid ointment
b. Gel formulation Diclofenac gel
VII. Cosmetic preparations
a. Lipsticks
b. Cold cream and vanishing cream
c. Clear liquid shampoo
d. Toothpaste and tooth powders
VIII. Tablet coating (demonstration)

Practical Examination Scheme

Topic	Sessionals	Annual
Synopsis	05	15
Major Experiments	10	25
Minor Experiments	03	15
Viva-voce	02	15
Maximum Marks	20	70
Duration	03hrs	04hrs

Reference Text Books

1. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Volumes I, II, and III by Lachman
2. Rowlings Textbook of Pharmaceutics
3. Tutorial Pharmacy by Cooper & Gun
4. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences
5. USP/BP/IP