Introduction, Limit test for chlorides, Limit test for sulphates, Limit test for Iron, Limit test for Heavy metals, Limit test for Lead, Limit test for Arsenic, Modified Limit test for chlorides, Modified Limit test for sulphates.
Definition, Types of Buffer, Buffer Action, Mechanism of Action of Basic Buffers, Buffer Equation, Henderson Hasselbalch Equation, Buffer Capacity, and Application of Buffers.
Introduction, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Phosphate, Replacement Therapy, Biological Acid-Base Balance, Factors Affecting the pH of the extracellular fluids, Types and Causes of Acidosis.
Introduction, What Is diarrhoea, Pathophysiology of diarrhoea, Ion exchange in Intestine, Physiological basis of using ORT in diarrhoea, Oral Rehydration Therapy, Principles and Types.
Definitions, The Atom, Isotopes of Hydrogen, Isotopes of Carbon, How to Radioisotopes occurs, Properties of Radioactive Isotopes, Therapeutic uses of Radioisotopes.